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The time delay is assumed to be an unknown constant.
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where w 1 ( 0 ) is an unknown constant to be defined.
where w 1 ( 0 ) is an unknown constant, which will be found later on.
where (c) is an unknown constant, and should be determined by matching experimental data.
where α is an unknown constant, and f R→R is a given function.
From the definition we know that (W_{i}) is an unknown constant.
The land-yacht body's drag is an unknown constant parameter which alters according to the relative wind.
where k is the conversion factor between TEC and observation (k ≈ 0.105 m/TECU); b is an unknown constant bias.
here A i ( x ), f 1 ( x ), f 2 ( x ), K 0 ( x, t ) depend on the given function, for the index implied summation from 1 to n. ω 1 ( 0 ) is an unknown constant to be defined.
The solution of the above nonlinear difference equations is given by v = C_{0} - frac{{Delta p}}{4mu L}r^{2}, (10 where C 0 is an unknown constant which can be calculated under different boundary conditions.
where β is an unknown constant dependent on the statistics of the unknown image block a. Comparing α with the optimal coefficients in ℒ p sense denoted by c and given by (15) results in the following solution: α i = β c i, 1 ≤ i ≤ k, (27).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com