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The mechanisms behind toxin production are not fully understood, and it is thought that stress could be an initial trigger.
It is likely that DUX4 might be an initial trigger of a cascade of transcription factors regulating protooncogenes, tumor suppressors, and proapoptotic genes.
These results indicate that phosphate depletion could be an initial trigger for lipid accumulation that was "magnified" upon nitrate depletion in P. tricornutum.
Thus, the effect of α-synuclein on the ATP level in cells with complex I mutation is less likely to be an initial trigger for neuronal cell death.
This suggested that although Ca2+ could be an initial trigger to regulate paradoxical growth, only exogenous addition of Ca2+ may not be sufficient to activate the downstream signal transduction mechanisms regulating paradoxical growth.
It has been suggested that β cell death throughout the early ages in the NOD mice, may be an initial trigger for APC activation and the development of T1D [ 52].
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However current work in our lab suggests that cysteine-aspartate specific protease-like proteases (caspase-like proteases, CLPs) may act upon the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting the cytoskeleton may not be a initial trigger for PCD but instead a target of an upstream signal, although further research is required (data not shown).
Endothelial dysfunction is an initial trigger of atherosclerosis and a well-known predictor of future adverse cardiovascular events [ 26, 27].
It has been shown that acidification is an initial trigger for the cleavage and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum-bound caspase-12 and subsequent apoptosis of coronary EC under simulated ischemia [ 12].
Our studies indicate that SNAIL1 is the earliest upregulated core transcription factor in Type II EMT and whose significant induction precedes that of ZEB1 and Twist1, leading us to suggest that SNAIL1 is an initial trigger of EMT.
Earlier studies in trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) have documented that splanchnic ischemia leading to gut inflammation and loss of barrier function is an initial triggering event that leads to gut-induced ARDS and MODS.
More suggestions(15)
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