Magnetic resonance imaging is an alternative imaging modality used regularly in oncology diagnostic examinations as it is capable of generating 3D anatomical information with superior soft tissue contrast compared to CT.
Aside from HR-MRI, high-resolution MDCT is an alternative imaging technique that has been used for in vivo trabecular bone imaging, but mainly for central sites such as the spine [ 17, 18, 28].
For maxillofacial fracture assessment, where cross-sectional imaging is judged to be necessary, CBCT can be used as an alternative imaging modality to MSCT where the radiation dose has been shown to be lower and soft tissue detail is not required (Fig. 15) [6].
Yücesoy et al. [ 30] compared conventional galacto-graphy with MRI contrast galactography in a prospective study performed with 16 patients showing 81% concordance between the two methods; their data suggest that MRI contrast galactography could be used as an alternative imaging modality for the pathologic nipple discharge diagnosis.
Ultrasound guidance has been proposed as an alternative imaging modality for sacroiliac (SI) joint injections.
Recently, TCD has been proposed as an alternative imaging modality for brain computer interfaces (BCIs).
Low-dose whole-body MDCT has been explored as an alternative imaging modality to plain radiography for patients with MM.
Intrathecal contrast radiography, performed concurrently with diagnostic analgesia, has been proposed as an alternative imaging modality to identify DDFT tears, with an overall sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 84% [ 8].
FDG-PET/CT can be an alternative adjunct imaging modality for the screening and diagnosis of high-risk patients [ 35].
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging alternative imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect which is produced when biological tissue is irradiated with a short light pulse leading to thermo-elastic expansion that induces the emission of an acoustic wave [ 8– 12].
