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Although we agree that this may be an additional selection pressure reducing the number of long loops, we think it is unlikely to be the primary explanation, for various reasons.
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This is an additional selection effect, 4 5 whereby within the military those sent to combat zones tend to be healthier than those involved in other military roles (such as administration).
To avoid possible confusing effects due to the formulation, candidate NTSR contigs were selected on the basis of an up-regulation ≥ 2-fold in the resistant pool compared to the sensitive pool at each time-point including UT. Affiliation of candidate contigs to one gene family presumably involved in NTSR was an additional selection criterion.
Thus, differentiation could be an additional target of selection for the nuclearly encoded mitochondrial-duplicated genes.
Gene ontology (GO) using Cytoscape plugin BiNGO (http://www.cytoscape.org) was performed on the separate timed samples as follows: Significant regulated genes (Manoova, FWER, P<0.001) compared to the reference pool were selected and an additional selection was performed on M values (M>3 or M<−3).
We hypothesize that positive selection may be an additional factor to enhance the diversity of vertebrate Ugt genes.
At the population level, recurrent viability selection may be an additional mechanism shaping adaptive osmoregulatory phenotypes at the margins of oyster salinity tolerance.
If a single solution is sought, then an additional selection must be performed on the Pareto set of non-dominated solutions.
In one project [ 24], where tutor participation was voluntary, there was an additional interview selection process where tutor experience, leadership qualities, accomplishments during clerkships and the level of motivation served as criteria for selection.
At Ribbonwood, where the experiment is on a hillside, an additional selection criterion was that one PSP was near the top and one PSP was near the bottom of the slope.
The selection of the testlet for Stage 1 depended on participants' scores in the short cognitive pre-test (three literacy and three numeracy items), language, and educational attainment; for Stage 2, the score obtained in Stage 1 was used as an additional selection criterion.
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