Particularly functionally similar groups, such as enchytraeids (Annelida: Enchytraeidae), may be affected through changes in the chemical and physical properties of the soil, but also due to competition for resources.
On the other hand, processes such as primary metabolism, translation, response to light, hormone responses, and abiotic stress tolerance, all seem to be affected through changes in both gene expression and AS.
Bone quality is affected through changes in bone shape, bone micro-architecture, and in material properties such as bone mineralization and the quality of collagen.
We found no effect of precipitation pattern on the amount of C photosynthesized, and no differences in 13C label in root biomass among treatments, soil depth, or over time, suggesting that the coupling between plants and soil microbes was affected through changes in rhizodeposition or microbial access to rhizodeposits [20, 50,51,52].
In this way, chitin, the last product in the chitin biosynthesis pathway, is affected through changes in the substrates, products and activities of a series of enzymes in the pathway.
Three of our four comparisons clearly showed that divergence, presumably under directional selection, of venom composition was affected through changes in transcriptional patterns and that these changes are quantitatively reflected in the venom proteomes.
Therefore, any component of blood and lymphatic vessels can be affected through malformations, tumors, or dystrophic changes.
We have addressed whether age-related changes can be affected through enriched housing even after they developed.
Staff motivation has been affected through rapid change, and the perception of health workers that their compensation levels and working conditions have been negatively affected by decentralization.
How HIV alters lipid metabolism in an infected cell and what molecular changes are affected through protein interaction pathways are not well-understood.
These and other observations (see below) suggested that regulation of changes in these two proteins were affected through different mechanisms.
