However we were able to adjust for self-reported history of health problems (respiratory, cardiac and mental health problems) prior to the floods although we were unable to validate these data against prescribing data or General Practitioner records so our results may be affected by under-reporting of mental health problems.
Self reported BMI is known to be affected by under-reporting, which increases with increasing BMI, 31 32 33 34 but as trained personnel measured height and weight in this study, the risks of measurement errors were small and further reduced by the exclusion limits we applied.
Results and interpretations are limited in scope by the underlying fatalities data, which are affected by under-recording, uncertainty, and bias.
Referrals to outpatient memory clinics: As stated earlier, the data on the utilization of outpatient units (memory clinics) are affected by under-reporting as the visits to these institutions are not reimbursed by all statutory health insurance companies.
Furthermore, all these previous studies may have been affected by under-reporting, as influenza cases were reported at the discretion of the PICU physician without systematic screening for influenza in patients with severe acute respiratory infection.
Although the present study has yielded improved divergence time estimates, it is possible that the estimates of the time of origin for some genera such as Ottelia, Vallisneria, Najas and Blyxa may have been affected by under-representation in sampling.
Around 100,000 people in Scotland of working age could be affected by the under-occupancy penalty, or bedroom tax, when it comes into force in April.
As with all dietary surveys, the results may be affected by differential under-reporting.
Interestingly, these categories were also identified to be affected by MyD88 under germ-free conditions in the jejunum and ileum.
The reverse association observed in adolescents should be interpreted with caution, as the results may be affected by bias, particularly under-reporting of fast-food consumption and reverse causation.
