Phosphorylation of eIF2α and accumulation of chaperone molecules are additional markers of the stress response [46].
Biological markers, including serum or plasma osmolality, and to some extent urine osmolality, are additional markers of hydration status [ 10, 33, 34].
Arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) may be an additional marker of CVD, which has been shown to be abnormal in T1D patients as young as 10 years [ 67].
Weight change during disease may indicate fluid retention and could therefore be an additional marker of disease severity reflecting capillary leakage [ 13, 14].
Thus, CD38 and CD30 could potentially be used as additional markers of germ cell tumors in vivo.
DL cellular atypia was not predictive of a current breast cancer and longer follow up is needed to determine whether atypia is an additional marker of future breast cancer risk in this population already at high genetic risk of breast cancer.
In the future, trials of longer duration would be helpful to elucidate further the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in this patient population, particularly if such trials were to measure additional markers of renal function such as proteinuria, preservation of estimated GFR, changes in blood pressure, and incidence of cardiovascular events.
Since mineralization appeared to occur on day 10, we further sought to determine if this mineralization was associated with additional markers of osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) and membrane vitamin D receptor (ERp60) over the 10 day culture period.
The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from these mouse groups needs to be explored further using additional markers of differentiation.
Another limitation is the lack of additional markers of disease activity other than muscle enzymes.
