The study looked all mutual funds, including funds where investments are actively managed by a portfolio manager, as well as passively managed funds that track an index.
On top of that, statements sent to investors will specify which investments are actively managed by a portfolio manager (and tend to carry higher fees) and which track an index.
Our results suggest that shade diversity is actively managed by coffee farmers and that all three types of coffee management studied may have an important role to play in the conservation of regional biodiversity.
Providers don't generally have such expertise in-house (eg risk-management skills, capabilities to interact with patients whose care is being actively managed by the provider organisation), and it seems unlikely that many could achieve minimum efficient scale for several of these functions.
Dust generated by vehicles, both our own and others, on the public gravel roads is actively managed by ZAC on a daily basis through an extensive dust suppressing programme".
Agricultural ecosystems are actively managed by humans to optimize the provision of food, fiber, and fuel.
We find that R&D intensity is higher in firms that are actively managed by the family.
We look for funds that have been around for a while and are actively managed by seasoned investors who work with their knowledgeable research teams.
Jigsaw also provides customers with the ability to see how much data is being actively managed by Jigsaw, and visual reports on how much data is correct, out-of-date or dead in the data graveyard.
Acidosis (pH < 7.3) was actively managed by increasing minute ventilation.
