In other cases, the 35S promoter may not be active in specific plant tissues thereby rendering it ineffective for directing high levels of spatial transgene expression.
Nevertheless, in this context it is important to emphasize that the role of PSUcentSat cannot be restricted to its transcripts functionality, as the apparently (or temporarily, as these PSUcentSat copies may be active in specific cell types or during different development stages) inactive copies of the sequence that are maintained in the genomes might have a structural role.
WASHINGTON, D.C.--Biologists trying to understand the brain typically spend thousands of hours determining what genes are active in specific neural regions.
Hence, pin-pointing which genes are active in specific environments is not straightforward due to the large number of predicted functional redundancies in their genomes.
In concert with previous studies, we have shown that BP4 is active in specific parts of the brain and responds to KCl depolarization (22,44 46).
Regulation of apoptosis is conferred by families of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules, combinations of which are active in specific cell types and stages of development.
In these embryos, we detected colocalization of β-Gal with ELAV, but not with REPO staining, suggesting that during late embryogenesis the dJNK pathway is active in specific neurons but not in glia.
Each of the R2B genes also had multiple transcription factor binding sites for engrailed-1, which is active in specific cell types of the developing central nervous system [ 27].
In vivo studies show that different Tgfβ isoforms are active in specific parts of the brain during development, for example, Tgfβ1 is mainly produced by mesenchymal cells of meninges and choroid plexus, whereas Tgfβ2 and Tgfβ3 are produced in neural cells (Flanders et al. 1991; Pelton et al. 1991).
We observe that although common mechanisms (e.g. actin polymerization) and components (e.g. ARPs, actin-related proteins) exist between different lineages, they are active in specific processes such as growth, cancer metastasis and trichome development in yeast, human and Arabidopsis, respectively.
In brief, a pathway's activity is a measure of how likely the interactions within a network are to be active in the specific sample at hand.
