Upon treatment with TNF-α, increased binding of Trio to GST-Rac1-G15A was detected (Fig. 4A), demonstrating Trio is activated to bind Rac1.
In iron depletion when intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) is decreased, iron-regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2 are activated to bind iron-responsive elements (IRE) to upregulate TfR1 by post-transcriptional mRNA stability mechanism (Hentze and Kuhn, 1996).
The fate of LTA4 depends on where 5-LOX is localized in the cell when it is activated to bind the nuclear membrane, a phenomenon termed compartmentalization. LTA4 can be converted to LTB4 by LTA4 hydrolase, a soluble protein that can localize in the nucleus, or to LTC4 by LTC4 synthase, a membrane-bound protein embedded in the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane.
The MBL-pathway converges with the CP at the level of C4 which may be activated to generate C4b, which binds randomly to available surfaces.
Under salt stress, Arabidopsis PLDα1 is activated to produce PA, which binds to MAP65-1, leading to enhanced microtubule polymerization and bundling activity (Zhang et al., 2012).
There are data that suggest that since C4 must be activated and must bind to a target before C3, it is the blocking of C4 binding that is central to classical pathway inhibition [55].
For cdk2 to be activated, it must bind a cyclin.
The third power of SP is used because for CAMKIV to be activated, CaM-Ca4 must also bind to the upstream enzyme CAM kinase kinase.
In response to high glucose levels, Ras1 and Ras2 are activated and bind to adenylate cyclase, which is composed of Cyr1 and an associated protein Srv2 [ 4, 5].
