After caveolin-1 knock down, cytoskeletal ERK1/2 would still be in place, but it would not be activated in response to activation of PKC.
miRNAs can be activated in response to neuronal activity and therefore offer a highly effective means of controlling the expression of proteins involved in memory formation.
For example, one of the peptidases responsible for Opa1 processing, Oma1, has been shown to be activated in response to various cellular stressors [ 63].
We now know that NF-κB is present in axons, dendrites, and synaptic terminals where it can be activated in response to a range of signals including neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and cytokines.
The DNA damage checkpoint, the first pathway known to be activated in response to DNA damage, is a mechanism by which the cell cycle is temporarily arrested to allow DNA repair.
We find that transplanted NPCs that are latent can be activated in response to stroke and exhibit directional migration into the parenchyma, similar to endogenous neural NPCs, without a niche environment.
Apoptosis is an evolutionally conserved cellular suicide mechanism that can be activated in response to a variety of stressful stimuli.
(B) Chromosomal distribution of 96 ncRNAs whose expressional status shifted from repressed to be activated in response to UV irradiation.
To date, inflammasome components have been found in the bladder, prostate, and kidney and have been shown to be activated in response to several infectious and noninfectious insults.
Two PARP family members, nuclear PARP1 and PARP2, were found to be activated in response to DNA damage and are mainly involved in DNA repair [15 17].
The PGC family of transcriptional co-activators (PGC-1alpha [Ppargc1a], PGC-1beta [PRCrgc1b], and PRC [Pprc]) coordinates the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and Ppargc1a is known to be activated in response to mitochondrial damage in sepsis.
