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However, disease-resistance pathways may engage more than one NB-LRR protein, and EDS1- and NDR1-dependent pathways can be activated in parallel [5], [6].
Alternatively to such two-stage process, Murphy and Brownell [5] proposed a differentiation theory according to which all category representations would be activated in parallel.
Since hearing the mate's song appears rewarding to female birds, it may be that their brain reward system, and dopaminergic function, may be activated in parallel with the singing male during courtship, in a positive feedback reward loop.
In light of the observed lack of effect of z-VAD-fmk treatment on DOX-induced cell death this may suggest that a caspase-independent form of cell death can be activated in parallel in these cells.
Among the muscle morphological parameters, CSA represents the maximal number of cross-bridges that can be activated in parallel during contraction; therefore, it is directly related to the force-generating capacity of a given muscle (Lieber and Friden 2000).
Since in infection both NLRs and TLRs may be activated in parallel, it was the primary aim of the present study to examine the effects of NOD1 and NOD2 activation, alone and in combination with the TLR4 agonist LPS, on sickness, behavior and cerebral c-Fos expression in order to visualize some of the brain nuclei relevant to sickness.
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Zhuang et al. (2014) suggested a division of labor within the left IFG: Cohort size (the number of competitors sharing phonemes from word onset that are activated in parallel) increased neural activity in bilateral BA47, whereas cohort selection (reduction of competitors due to accumulation of acoustic information) focuses in left BA44.
Together, this series of experiments pinpointed a putative 101 bp mutual exclusion element (MEE) (bps −316 to −215) that drives the upsC promoter into mutually exclusive activation; in absence of the MEE promoters escape this restriction and are activated in parallel to endogenous var transcription.
Any confounding effect might be mitigated by grouping together the cells that are activated in parallel (rather than dies) and employing a predetermined correction based on the time from power-up.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions.
It is important to mention that, in sepsis, many inflammatory pathways are activated in parallel with a reduction in the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus, merely blocking a single component of the inflammatory pathways or inducing the activation of PI3K may be insufficient to arrest the process.
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be implemented in parallel
be generated in parallel
be encoded in parallel
be operated in parallel
be examined in parallel
be called in parallel
be reared in parallel
be done in parallel
be streamlined in parallel
be processed in parallel
be run in parallel
be studied in parallel
be built in parallel
be transferred in parallel
be started in parallel
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com