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Complement system consisting of approximately 35 plasma and membrane-bound proteins can be activated by three different but partially overlapping routes: the classical pathway (CP), the alternative pathway (AP) and the lectin pathway (LP).
This pathway can be activated by three ligands: insulin, IGFI and IGFII.
The complement system can be activated by three different but overlapping classical, lectin and alternative routes [ 74].
The complement system may be activated by three different pathways: the classical, the lectin and the alternative pathway [ 3].
The complement system can be activated by three pathways: the classical pathway and the lectin pathway both require the fourth component of complement (C4), while the alternative pathway is independent of C4.
This intricate network of proteins can be activated by three distinct pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative, all of which converge in the formation of fraction C3 and ultimately in the downstream formation of the activation products, C3a, C3b, C5a, and the membrane attack complex (C5b-9).
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An example for this case is a reaction transforming educt A into product B that can alternatively be activated by two activators E1 and E2.
The coagulation system can be activated by two pathways, the intrinsic and the extrinsic, of which both lead to the formation of the prothrombinase complex on phospholipid membranes.
The complement cascade can be activated by four distinct pathways, three of which converge at the level of the C3 component, leading to the cleavage of C3 and C5 to their activated forms, C3a and C5a, as well as the formation of the terminal membrane attack complex [21], [22].
In mammals, JNK is reported to be activated by two MAPK kinases (MAPKK) Mkk4 and Mkk7, with Mkk7 as the major MAPKK in TNF- or IL-1-induced JNK activation while both, Mkk4 and Mkk7, are required for stress induced activation of JNK [2].
EphA2 can be activated by two different mechanisms.
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be mediated by three
be generated by three
be implemented by three
be elicited by three
be facilitated by three
be followed by three
be divided by three
be assessed by three
be replaced by three
be supplemented by three
be powered by three
be driven by three
be harmed by three
be characterized by three
be spearheaded by three
be formed by three
be determined by three
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