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Locally, the increase in OPHN1 concentration would favor its homo-dimerization and/or binding to curved membranes and its RhoGAP activity would be activated by either a change in its conformation or by an alternative unknown mechanism (41).
The caspases are a family of cell proteases that exist as zymogens within cells and can be activated by either autocatalytic activation or other proteases.
Figure 4 indicates, as found for most salivary homogenates of bloodsucking arthropods, that X.cheopis has indeed a divalent cation dependent salivary apyrase activity, that can be activated by either Ca++ or Mg++.
Plasminogen can be activated by either urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Ni and Zn also contribute to ribosomal conformation [ 18] and serve as enzyme activators, i.g., arginase can be activated by either Zn or Ni [ 19].
Besides, the neural activity in the hippocampus could probably be activated by either antidromic or orthodromic stimulation that possibly achieved by a current spread from the vmPFC structure to the neighboring axon bundles the minor forceps of the corpus callosum (Lim et al., 2015b).
Similar(38)
This study also showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by either viral infection or curcumin treatment, but the activated ERK did not interfere with the antiviral effect of curcumin, indicating ERK is not involved in the antiviral mechanism of curcumin.
The Janus kinase-signal transducers and activation (JAK-STAT) signal transduction pathway in mesothelial cells was activated by either exogenous or adipocytes-derived leptin.
Titanium samples were activated by either oxygen plasma or acid etching to generate a smooth or nanorough surface, respectively.
The pathway is activated by either indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which transform L-tryptophan into N-formylkynurenine.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com