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This was intended to be a weak proxy for measuring learning gains.
22 However, the satisfaction of VKI can only be a weak proxy for a real satisfaction study, as a further limitation of ISP studies is that they cannot measure an important component of quality outcomes: patient satisfaction.
The use of parental occupation at a single age has been argued to be a weak proxy for more complete information on SEP spanning the entire childhood period [ 39].
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Consequently, in our context, immigration, or even a measure of the first language spoken, is a weak proxy for language proficiency, and these studies likely introduce measurement error as a measure of peer language by using measures of immigration rather than language proficiency.
The best numbers we get regarding frequency are studies that look at what proportion of people had heterosexual anal sex in the last year, or the last time they had sex, which is a weak proxy at best.
Research output is undoubtedly a weak proxy for research impact, but is arguably better than nothing.
"But it is at very best a weak proxy for what one really wants, which is really valid data on risk-adjusted outcomes".
They represent only a weak proxy for green space activity.
"The reduction or increase of absolute quantities of food is a very weak proxy for current and future food security levels, as the latter depends more on the economic laws of supply and demand and of redistribution, and on non-biophysical things such as poverty, infrastructure, politics and management".
The company is only a proxy for America, and a weak proxy at that.
This is a weak penalty.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com