However, the inverse correlation seen between standing and stepping capacity in individual rats suggests that there was a training effect, but it seemed to have elicited improvement in either stepping or standing ability.
As with the walk only stages, there was a training effect in RER between T and UT (p<.001), but in contrast to the run only stages, when energy expenditure (kcal) was compared between groups, no training effect was present (p = .902; Figure 5).
For name recall, there was a training effect, with significant gains in strategy usage from pretest to posttest-2 for the AT group and the IT group, but not the control group, F (2,117) = 4.0, p < 0.025, η = 0.06.
The 3.4 and 10.4% improvements in running economy observed after the MFW transition [25, 34] were likely a training effect, given that the control or CRS group also improved running economy from pre- to post-transition (4.1% [25], 2.8% [34]).
This could be explained by a training effect on the anti-gravitary muscles (i.e.: extensors) caused by the exposure to higher body weight.
The concurrent use of heart rate and perceived exertion more accurately achieves targeted work rates than either measure alone, and RPE alone has been shown to be effective in achieving a training effect that does not differ significantly from that of heart rate alone [ 54].
Intraobserver correlation coefficients were high, and a training effect occurred when the time between measurements was 1 year, resulting in lower scores.
Considering the multitude of mechanisms contributing to gene regulation, it is not unreasonable that the only differential gene expression observed between strains in this study was due to a training effect.
The increase was explained as a training effect, but the necessity of switching off the contrast optimisation for better similarity to archived comparison mammography was also recognised.
We analyzed the sessions separately, because it was possible that a training effect accumulating across sessions obscured the potential correlation with vocabulary knowledge.
