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So although the presence of a "cartilaginous rod in the 2nd visceral arch found in the throat region" may be a synapomorphy for the Craniata, you won't find that exact structure in any four-footed animals.
However, the peculiar mode of epidermal cell renewal exclusively from mesodermally located stem cells may not be a synapomorphy for all traditional taxa of the Platyhelminthes, i.e. the Catenulida, the Acoela, the Nemertodermatida and the Rhabditophora [2].
Thus the presence of wyerone could be a synapomorphy for Vicia and Lens.
However, the presence of so-called "globineurons" - neurons with densely packed, small, round nuclei - in Eupulmonata [ 58, 61] appears to be a synapomorphy for this clade.
SRP-RNA specialists regard these domains as homologous [ 113]; if true it would be a synapomorphy for Posibacteria plus neomura and Thermotoga [ 1].
Standard length character was found to be a synapomorphy for a species group formed by Southern and Western clades (smaller group) and the Central-Eastern clade (larger group).
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This inversion may be a synapomorphy of Phoronida + Entoprocta + Mollusca.
If the outgroup has character A, and, among three related species, two have character B and only one A, then B is a synapomorphy for the two species, and the species with A is less closely related.
The interparietal bone, part of the roof of the braincase, is narrow and short; its narrowness is a synapomorphy for O. couesi plus the marsh rice rat according to Weksler's analysis.
Four tRNA genes, trnL (CUN), trnT, trnP, and trnF, were rearranged to form the LTPF cluster (labeled "A" in Figure 3), which was a synapomorphy for the Neobatrachia.
Although further sampling is necessary the present evidence suggests that reversal of strand asymmetry and inversion of the A+T-rich A+T-richs a synapomoregionor members of Braconisae.
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