(16) Dnajb8 is a CSC/CIC antigen and Survivin is a shared antigen.
Altogether, these data suggest that DKK1 is a shared antigen expressed in multiple cancer types.
For example, autoantigen presentation via antigen-presenting cells is a shared pathomechanism of all autoimmune disorders.
The surprising finding that has an enormous impact on cancer vaccines, or specific immunotherapy, is that of the ~80 mutations only ~3 were common and thus would be shared antigens.
HLA-DR15 nonmelanoma cells were resistant targets indicating that the shared antigen(s) is melanoma associated.
Another possibility is that the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus shared antigen similarities with older influenza strains.
Although there is some probability of shared antigens between tumour and normal CNS tissue, and possible contamination of normal tissue in the tumour lysate, we have not observed autoimmunity either in vitro or in vivo.
In our previous review article, we reported that TAA can be distinguished according to the expression patterns in CSC/CIC and non-CSC/CIC, which are: (i) CSC/CIC antigens, which are expressed preferentially in CSC/CIC; (ii) shared antigens, which are expressed in both CSC/CIC and non-CSC/CIC at similar levels; and (iii) non-CSC/CIC antigens, which are preferentially expressed in non-CSC/CIC.
Human monoclonal antibodies 447-52D and 537-10D, both coded by the VH3 gene and specific for the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 gp120, were found to share antigen-binding structural elements including an elongated CDR H3 forming main-chain interactions with the N terminus of the V3 crown.
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens, which express in a wide range of different cancer types but not in normal tissues except for testis, ovary and placenta, are considered as tumour-specific shared antigens (Scanlan et al, 2002a).
