A selective sweep is shaped when a selected mutation goes to fixation, because it reduces variability in the neighboring region where neutral variants are segregating [ 30, 31].
The spatial spread of a selected mutation is usually described using the traveling wave theory of Fisher (1937).
The substitution rate from I to J (I ≠ J) at the location is (1) q I J, K = { μ I J S I J, K 1 − e − S I J, K if S I J, K ≠ 0 μ I J else, where μ IJ is the neutral mutation rate, and S/(1 − e− s) is the relative fixation probability of a selected mutation compared with a neutral one (Kimura 1983, Equation 3.14).
Gametophytic transcriptome complexity could be a selected feature to eliminate deleterious mutations — unlike animal gametes, the haploid cells of plants are transcriptionally active and synthesize cellular structural components, factors required for mitosis, metabolic enzymes, and proteins required for their specialized functions as gametes or helper cells.
Briefly, the procedure was: positively selected mutations were identified using selection pressure (Ka/Ks ratio) based method [ 21, 22], in which a Ka/Ks value of >1 indicates a positive selection.
The alternative is the occurrence of a novel, strongly selected mutation.
Because of the tremendous variability of the viral genome, the two last approaches were restricted to a few selected mutations, however.
This suggests that Sjöblom and colleagues were conservative in their calculations (122 mutations in CAN genes out of 921 somatic mutations), and that among the mutations in non-CAN genes there were a significant number of selected mutations.
The selected mutation was then tested in both native and commercial wine yeast strains.
While screening for enhanced thermostability, structural information was utilized in selecting mutations that are generated by error-prone PCR.
