However, one can still believe this and hold that causality is a real relation, and Ockham did so believe (Adams 1987, p. 744; White 1990b).
Thus, he breaks with tradition in allowing that even self-identity is a real relation, or at least "real … in the same way that similarity and equality are" (Quodl. V, q. 27 in Opera Theologica ix, 685).
Although time is unreal, our perception of temporal order is not wholly delusory, for there is a real relation that really orders apparently temporal events in the way that they appear to be ordered in the B-series.
In addition, they claimed that (1) the two notions of formal difference and real identity are logically compatible; (2) predication is a real relation between things; and (3) the ten Aristotelian categories are ten really distinct kinds of things (res in the strict sense of the term).
For a start, it would be a real public relations risk for such relatively limited interest groups to seek to thwart a policy established by a directly elected city mayor and overwhelmingly endorsed by a consultation process involving the views of more than 21,000 people.
Consider, for example, the following passage from Harclay's "Utrum Dei," n. 32: "real identity is not a real relation, because it lacks one condition that is necessary for being a relation (and which it is impossible for something that is identical and that to which it is identical to satisfy), namely, real distinctness of relata.
"Rudd's apology was expected to be a real game changer for race relations in our nation.
"This is going to be a real internal struggle between the public relations people and the scientific people," Mr. Porter said.
For example, perhaps we think icebergs cause ships to sink only because we always observe ship-sinking events occurring after iceberg-hitting events and not because there is a real causal relation that holds between icebergs and foundering ships.
For example, by the end of thirteenth century, most philosophers use it to explain the doctrine of creation, saying that creatures are related to God by a real relation, whereas God is related to them by a mere relation of reason (cf. Henninger 1989).
