These analyses also confirm that there was a rapid evolutionary radiation (diversification) of the Physeteroidea in the Miocene period.
This result contradicts long-standing assumptions that the loss of the cytoplasmic tail was a rapid evolutionary adaptation key to the unique reproductive biology of mammals [ 8, but see 15, 18- 29].
Here, we sampled two natural whitefish populations (Coregonus sp). to (i) study the toxicity of EE2 to embryos and (ii) test whether there is the kind of phenotypic and genetic variation within populations that would be necessary for a rapid evolutionary response to this type of pollution.
Currently there has been very little reliability or end-of-life analysis conducted for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM) stacks, and detailed designs of PEM systems are still in a rapid evolutionary stage.
This is inconsistent with a rapid evolutionary response, which would entail strong selection and depress population sizes, at least temporarily.
Given the aforementioned considerations, we suggest that difficulties in the reconstruction of correct and unambiguous higher-order relationships within Glires do not reflect limitations of either nuclear or mitochondrial sequence data, but are likely to be inherent consequences of a rapid evolutionary radiation which occurred around 60 million years ago.
For example, predation by protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila has been shown to cause a rapid evolutionary increase in the anti-predator defence of an opportunistic bacterium pathogen Serratia marcescens [15].
Because most of these anatomical characters are exclusive to vertebrates, it has been thought that neurogenic placodes and neural crest cells were the key innovations that underpinned a rapid evolutionary emergence of vertebrates.
Evidence is accumulating that there can be rapid evolutionary responses in fish populations to the selection pressures imposed by fishing.
If so, these genomic regions may be undergoing rapid evolutionary change, due in part to natural selection.
