While sunspot numbers are a proxy to the solar magnetic field, SMART offers a direct diagnostic of the surface magnetic field and its variation over timescale of hours to years.
The frequency of user queries is a proxy to the trips purchased in a given hour, noted here as (P_{t}) for hours (t in1, dots,T), where (T=168).
The result is a window read count (RC) profile, which is a proxy to the true copy number profile.
"This seems to be a proxy to enable the government to conduct large scale, mass surveillance," Vrinda Bhandari, a lawyer and public policy expert, told VICE News.
In other words, for cluster based population studies this heterogeneity (ICC close to zero) is desired as a proxy to the subjects being randomly selected.
The absolute life expectancy estimates, which can be used as a proxy to the rate of mortality, suffer from problems of relative magnitudes.
This transition has been explored using strontium isotopes, which have been widely assumed to be a proxy for the provenance of other rock-derived elements.
Unknown gunmen in the capital, Colombo, shot and killed Nadarajah Raviraj, a member of Parliament from the Tamil National Alliance, a party widely considered to be a proxy for the separatist rebels known as the Tamil Tigers.
The TNA used to be a proxy for the Tigers and took orders from its leader, Velupillai Prabhakaran, who was killed by the army in May.
Not sharing the same mother language with native workers is assumed to be a proxy for the poor abilities.
In fact, the data is so important that many producers consider it to be a proxy for the industry as a whole.
