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Viral double stranded RNA (dsRNA) was demonstrated to be a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signaling viral infection.
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of animal and plant pathogenic bacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis that has potential to decrease lung function and cause respiratory failure.
M. catarrhalis is a pathogen associated with pneumonia in early childhood [ 49], and airway colonization shortly after birth with M. catarrhalis, along with H. influenzae, and S. pneumonia, is associated with later asthma development [ 5] and with wheezy episodes in young children [ 50].
Since Hif is not a pathogen associated with acute otitis media this observation fits with the hypothesis that the histidine pathway is a survival strategy for NTHi isolates to cope with the limited histidine conditions in the middle ear [ 24].
Although no characteristic Michaelis Gutmann bodies were seen, the staining characteristics of the intracellular coccobacilli were compatible with Rhodococcus equi, a pathogen associated with malakoplakia.
Clostridium perfringens type A is speculated to be an emerging pathogen associated with neonatal piglet diarrhea [ 6- 9], although not all prevalence studies conducted on infectious causes of piglet diarrhea have included C. perfringens type A in the analysis [ 6, 10, 11].
One of the best studied examples for a pathogen associated pattern is bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen associated with both nosocomial- and community-acquired infections (hospital-acquired [HA] MRSA and CA-MRSA, respectively) [ 1].
Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen associated with a broad spectrum of disease manifestations in humans.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen associated with a wide range of human infections, including skin infections, pneumonia, and septicemia (Bassetti et al. 2009).
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