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On the question of whether duress could be a partial defence to murder, on the other hand, there is an arguable analogy to the excuse of provocation, which operates to reduce murder to manslaughter.
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It is a partial defence which allows a conviction for manslaughter only, where a defendant's responsibility for killing is diminished by what is currently called "an abnormality of mind".
A killing in puseverance of a suicide pact, where the defendant had the "settled intention" of also committing suicide – although not necessarily by the same act – is a partial defence to murder.
Consequently it is only a partial defence of realism against semantic incommensurability.
Yet, there may be a partial solution.
In England and Wales, manslaughter can also result from a murder charge when a partial defence is proven: this can include a mental condition that diminishes responsibility for the crime, or where there has been a "loss of control".
If a lack of familiarity within the home defence was a partial explanation for Utrecht creating — albeit passing up — a series of fine opportunities within the opening half, Kayal made an instant impression.
Late last year, the retrial of Michael Lindsay sparked fresh debate about why it remains a partial defence in SA.
That's a partial list.
This is a partial list.
It's a partial rewriting of history.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com