Sentence examples for be a paracrine loop from inspiring English sources
Considering that TNF-α could act as an autocrine and paracrine cytokine to promote the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells [ 17], we speculated that there might be a paracrine loop between CRC cell and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment that is controlled via TNF-α.
This mechanism is driven by a paracrine loop between peri-vascular macrophages and tumor cells [ 79- 81].
Putative intermediary molecules have been suggested but such a paracrine loop has yet to be identified.
The current hypothesis is that, since Tie2, the receptor for Ang1, is primarily limited to endothelial cells, the recruitment of mesenchymal cells to a newly formed blood vessel is the result of a paracrine loop between endothelial cells, which respond to Ang1, and the mesenchymal cells which respond to intermediary signalling molecules released by the endothelial cells (Folkman and D'Amore, 1996).
Indeed, it has been shown that macrophages can form a paracrine loop with tumor cells to enhance invasiveness in response to EGF stimulation [ 33, 34, 46, 47].
54 A paracrine loop involving free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines has been postulated to establish a vicious cycle between adipocytes and macrophages, thereby propagating inflammation.
This was also observed in K5cre-CMVcaNrf2 mindicatingathat that caNrf2 affects keratinocyte proliferation through induction of a paracrine loop involving inflammatory cells and possibly mesenchymal cells of the dermis (Fig 7D).
Together these data show that stroma-derived (i.e. mouse-derived) cytokines are regulated in tumours overexpressing VEGFA, suggesting that VEGFA exerts its effect on tumour growth via a paracrine loop.
The potential role for tumor cell-osteoclast interaction/co-dependence, as in a paracrine loop between the stromal tumor cells and the osteoclast-like cells, in GCT is unknown.
A paracrine loop involving the production of EGF by macrophages and CSF-1 by cancer cells has been demonstrated [ 13].
M-CSF recruits mononuclear phagocytes to sites of injury or inflammation by itself [8] or through a paracrine loop involving monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) [9].
