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Although Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer, its role in the pathogenesis of ACC is not well established.
In a worldwide analysis, the prevalence of high-risk HPV in cervical cancer was 99.7%, and persistent infection of HPV is recognised to be a necessary cause of cervical carcinoma (Walboomers et al, 1999).
The consideration of smoking is more important for outcomes such as lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, for which arsenic might not be a necessary cause, as opposed to skin lesions.
Failure to detect HPV DNA in ICC cases, despite persistent HPV infection being postulated to be a "necessary cause" of ICC, may be due to inadequate sampling or disruption of the PCR target sequence due to viral integration [ 4].
The pattern of geographical variation in incidence correlates broadly with the worldwide distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)), which is considered to be a necessary cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (Chang et al, 1994, 1996; Gao et al, 1996; Simpson et al ; 1996; Boshoff, 1999).
Given that HPV infection appears to be a necessary cause of most cases of cervical cancer, this finding, if true, is of considerable importance as it suggests that HPV status is not likely to confound examination of the relation between long duration use of oral contraceptives and the risk of cervical cancer.
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Researchers have suggested that HPV is a necessary cause of anal cancer.
Mormons believe that God has a physical body, that attaining a body is a necessary cause for our mortal condition and that the definition of a soul is a union of body and spirit.
Those imposed on Iraq in the 1990s, for instance, appear to have been a necessary cause of more deaths than were inflicted by the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.
Persistent infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are a necessary cause of cervical cancer and are responsible for important morbidity in men and women.
Persistent infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are a necessary cause of cervical cancer and are responsible for important morbidity in both men and women [1, 2].
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