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There is no universally accepted definition of these designs, but a working definition might be "a multistage study design that uses accumulating data to decide how to modify aspects of the study without undermining the validity and integrity of the trial".
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Cancer development in man appeared to be a multistage process as suggested by epidemiological studies on commonly occurring gastric, colon, and breast cancers and also on human retrovirus-related leukemia, and by the finding by physicians and surgeons of precancerous lesions for many types of neoplasias.
Seventy-five male subjects were exposed in a multistage study to multiples of their individual minimal erythema dose of solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation with or without protection by an ultraviolet B sunscreen (sun protection factor 5.2) or a broad-spectrum ultraviolet A+B sun-screen (sun protection factor 6.2).
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (NHANES III), was a stratified multistage study designed to provide health information on a nationally representative sample of civilians living within the United States (Center for Disease Control, 1994).
CARMELA was a multistage, cross-sectional epidemiologic study conducted between September 2003 and August 2005, in Barquisimeto, Venezuela Bogota, Colombia Buenos Aires, Argentina Lima, Peru Mexico City, Mexico Quito, Ecuadoruandr; and Santiago, Chile.
In 2005, at inclusion, our study population was a multistage random sample of the adult French-speaking population living in the Paris metropolitan area (also called "Greater Paris", consisting of the City of Paris and its three adjacent départements, which constitute the core area of the entire Paris region, with 6.6 million inhabitants).
Cancer growth is a multistage, stochastic evolutionary process.
Cancer is a multistage process.
The analysis was a multistage effort.
It is a cross-sectional study utilizing a multistage sample design with schools selected proportional to enrollment size.
It was a cross-sectional study with multistage sampling.
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