Deletion-specific PCR amplification of 21 healthy controls (not shown) demonstrated that the deletion was present in 12 of them and should, therefore, be considered a genomic polymorphism.
Data presented here will be of great help to develop a genomic polymorphism database of Y. pestis for tracing the origin of this agent when the plague outbreak or bioterrorism attack occurs.
These observations are inconsistent with the presence of a genomic polymorphism at those positions, which should cause a 50% or 100% frequency of a single mismatch, depending on whether the polymorphism is hetero- or homozygous.
11 The binding affinity of Fc receptors to rituximab may be influenced by genomic polymorphisms in FcγRIIIa genes, influencing in the response rates to rituximab and survival.
Nevertheless, duplications of HUWE1 and EDA2R have not been detected upon screening 75 male controls neither have ever been reported as genomic polymorphisms, suggesting that these changes are not very common in the general population.
This suggests that there may be an insertion-deletion polymorphism for large genomic regions in L. saxatilis, and the deletion variant may be rather common.
The same analysis for the non A-to-G modification levels demonstrates consistency between the individual animals as the modification levels in the GFL and OL tissues form one cluster, and the VL, BG and SG tissues form a second cluster, again suggesting that many of the non A-to-G modifications are due to genomic polymorphisms.
Consistently with the modifications being due to genomic polymorphisms, data cluster according to the animal it was taken from: modification levels in the GFL and OL tissues, which were taken from one individual animal, form one cluster, as do the VL, BG and SG tissues, taken from another individual animal.
Copy number variations (CNVs) are a type of genomic polymorphisms characterized by gains or losses of DNA copies that usually extend from 1 Kb to several million bases in length and, thus, are believed to have a great impact on phenotypes.
Calving difficulty and perinatal mortality are complex quantitative traits, which are believed, like all traits of this nature, to be influenced by many genomic polymorphisms of individually small effect [ 10].
