The Hadrosauridae is a derived clade of Hadrosauroidea and comprise two stem-sister lineages, Lambeosaurinae and Hadrosaurinae26.
Section Botrycephalae is a derived clade of section Phyllodineae.
Phylogeny suggested it is a derived clade and demographic analyses showed the lineage has a typical signature of postglacial recolonization from a northern glacial refugium area.
In contrast, Absinthium is embedded within a derived clade composed of both Old and New World members of subg.
This grouping was first proposed by Størmer [ 71] and was considered to be a relatively derived clade of eurypterids by Novojilov [ 72]; however, in their revision of the group, Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering [ 5] considered Megalograptus to be an extremely primitive eurypterid while regarding it as related to the carcinosomatoids.
Occupation of shallow habitats might be a derived condition for these members of clade IV, though support for a shallow clade was weak.
Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from diverse eukaryotes and eubacteria, and cluster structure, are consistent with a hypothesis that the fHANT-AC was assembled in a lineage leading to the oomycetes and was subsequently transferred to the Dikarya (Ascomycota+Basidiomycota), which is a derived fungal clade that includes the vast majority of terrestrial fungi.
The three clades were: a) the derived clade, containing 279 sequences from 26 species; b) the intermediate clade, containing 111 sequences from 25 species; c) the ancient (basal) clade, containing 29 sequences from 20 species.
Thus, fixation of the adenine at position −237 in Symphalangus likely dates to a point in gibbon evolution after the fixation of the thymine at position −1072 and is a derived condition in that clade.
The Enchelidiidae appears to be a more recently derived clade within the Oncholaimoidea; this family is consistently recovered as a monophyletic, although support values vary (ML 55-75% and Bayesian 0.95).
