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These drugs might be a confounder when analyzing the possible effect of ACE gene polymorphism.
We pondered whether stage of disease at diagnosis or any other prognostic factor could be a confounder when prognosis was compared between familial and sporadic cases.
The liberal use of neoadjuvant therapy can be a confounder when evaluating efficacy of ADT in combination with TPPB within a certain risk category.
In the linear regression analyses, we regarded a covariate to be a confounder when the deviation of the regression coefficient was greater than 10%.
It is also independent of the season in which the data are collected, which can be a confounder when other indices are used in herds with seasonal calving patterns [ 17].
In the logistic regression analyses, a covariate was considered to be a confounder when the odds ratio of the univariate analyses deviated more than 10% after adding that specific covariate.
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Children with indeterminate IL-2 test results would therefore be classified as negative by default, which is a confounder when comparing results to the other tests.
We determined that a variable (age or parity) was a confounder when the SEP estimates results changed by 10% or more from the unadjusted model (bivariate associations).
It is important, therefore, to ascertain the extent to which smoking is a confounder when studying oxidative stress in such disorders.
Age is always a confounder when survival is the outcome and was included in all models.
In our sample, current mood state was not a confounder when analyzing episode frequency.
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