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Evidence suggests that PTSD may be a causal risk factor for subsequent depression; however, associations are likely complex, involving bidirectional causality, common risk factors, and common vulnerabilities.
The study said the results "suggest that smoking might be a causal risk factor" for type 2 diabetes, which increases the chance of having a stroke, a heart attack or going blind.
Alternatively, loneliness may be a causal risk factor for motor decline.
The RAGE pathway could be a causal risk factor for LVH and coronary atherosclerosis.
Whether exposure to hypoglycemia precedes cognitive decline and may even be a causal risk factor for this condition is less clear.
Thus, the rs1800625 polymorphism might be a causal risk allele for sepsis and MODS in patients with major trauma, so it might be used as a biomarker.
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But, she added, "We could not distinguish whether the mobility was a causal risk factor or merely an intermediate variable of other risk factors".
Intriguingly, recent genetic studies of schizophrenia also identify these genes, raising the possibility that the well-known link between smoking and schizophrenia may be due, in part, to smoking being a causal risk factor for schizophrenia.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol is a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease independent of reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Many experimental (laboratory-based) studies and reviews carried out by Dr. Craig Anderson at Iowa State University and his colleagues conclude that exposure to violent video games is a causal risk factor for increased aggressive thoughts, feelings and behaviour, and a decreased empathy and prosocial behaviour.
Elevated serum cholesterol is a causal risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis (Kannel et al., 1964).
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