There is a causal chain connecting one speaker with another.
There is a causal chain leading back into the past — to that moment when the shutter was clicked and the photograph was taken.
"This is the first evidence that there is a causal chain of events, not just an association," says William Carpenter of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
There is a causal chain of sorts from her expensive tastes to his act of embezzlement and the consequent institutional harm that his act in turn causes.
An internal cause is a causal chain of events such that each link in the chain is either a belief, a reason (construed to include perceptual and sensation states, as well as beliefs), or an inference.
There is a causal chain running from A's actions to the dictator's death, but no such chain running from B's actions to the dictator's death.
An expert panel may have to judge whether atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations will exceed a particular threshold by 2050, whether there is a causal chain from greater greenhouse-gas concentrations to temperature increases, and whether the temperature will increase.
The judgments and resulting use of words are about blue things, and not red things, precisely because there is a causal chain from blue particulars and there isn't one from red particulars.[42] So much for causal connections replacing real universals to group entities.
The first requirement on its own does not determine suitably distal content because there is a causal chain leading from C to R and, if the system had been selected for responding to Cs by producing Rs, it must also have been selected for responding to the proximal items in the causal chain (such as the light reflected from Cs toward the retina of the eye, in the case of visual perception).
We present analyses with and without adjustment for SES because these variables may be confounding variables or may be part of a causal chain or pathway to obesity that also involves the quality of the maternal-infant relationship [ 4, 35, 36].
