The watermark, which is embedded, is a binary string derived from a logo watermark.
The augmented message is a binary string with the assumption that C bits are sufficient to store the message size information.
Biohash is a binary and pseudo-random representation of a biometric template (e.g., face or fingerprint), and biometric hashing schemes perform an automatic verification of a user based on her biohash which is a binary string.
The watermark (w = {w_1,ldotsdots,w_k}), which will be embedded, is a binary string with values (w_j=0,1) for (j=1,ldots,k) derived by listing the rows of a logo watermark.
In a network with l levels and N nodes, each DHT node is depicted by a tuple of row and level identifiers (P,l), where P is a binary string signifying the row to which the node belongs and l denotes the level in that row.
A spaced seed of length l is a binary string of l bits.
Each individual of the genetic algorithms is a binary string of size n (total number of features) and represents the selected features.
A block spaced seed is a binary string consisting of a sequence of blocks of equal length, where each block contains either all 0's or all 1's.
A phylogenetic profile of a WH8102 gene in reference to the n genomes [ G 1,..., G n] is a binary string a 1,..., a n with a i = 1 if the gene has a detectable ortholog in G i and ai = 0 otherwise [ 34].
According to Huffman coding [32], a particular token can be assigned a binary string by following the traversal path from the root to its leaf, assigning a 0 for each left branch, and a 1 for each right branch.
