The conventional sucrose density gradient approach has been unsuccessful because BCV are a very similar density to other compartments of the cell, most significantly mitochondria that probably share a common ancestry with bacteria (Margulis, 1968) and would thus have a similar density.
Several groups have reported procedures for biochemical enrichment of bacteria-containing vacuoles (BCV) but no proteomic analysis of such a compartment has been reported (Kovářová et al., 2002 analysed Francisella tularensis-containing phagosomes by 2DGE but only reported the identities of two host-derived proteins).
The results are in accordance with what has been reported for dairy cattle where prevalences of BCV- and BRSV-infected dairy herds have been shown to increase with a gradient southward in the country [ 9, 13, 25].
Presence of antibodies to BCV [ 10- 15] and to BRSV [ 9, 10, 12, 16, 17] has been reported worldwide in both dairy and beef cattle.
Such trouble, in fact, that the central bank (BCV) has not published GDP figures since the beginning of the year and is two months behind with inflation figures.
Second, the Venezuelan Central Bank (BCV) has unveiled and begun to implement a long-anticipated strategy to manage the parallel foreign exchange rate (ref D), used by many importers when they cannot get access to one of the official exchange rates.
With the three additional funds, BCV has $4.9 billion in assets under management.
BCV hasn't exited yet from any of the investments it has made with its 2014 fund, nor from the $600 million fund it closed in 2012.
BCV has gained ground as a pathogen in respiratory disease complex recently [ 25, 11, 26].
Similar studies for BRSV and BCV have, as far as we know, not been conducted and it is therefore difficult to quantify their effect on the farm efficiency and economy.
