We compared the effects of two different methods of emulsification with greatly different mechanical strengths, namely, manual shaking (vigorously shaking the mixture manually) and bath sonication (sonicating the mixture in a bath sonicator).
Prior to their use, the solutions were sonicated in water bath sonication for 1 h to prevent particle aggregation.
Water bath sonication was performed with a JYD 1800 L sonicator (100 to 2,000 W, ZhiXin Instrument Co., Ltd ,Shanghai, China).
The mixture was horn-sonicated for 5 min (VC 750, Sonics & Materials, Newtown, CT, USA), followed by a 10-min bath sonication NXP-10022, Kodo TecHwaseongesearch, Hwaseong, Korea).
c Bath sonication was used to form emulsion droplets.
After dilution, AgNP solution was incubated in bath sonication (3 cycles × 15 min) and prepared freshly before use.
Ice-cold bath sonication was continued for another 2.5 h and the dispersion was observed to be uniform.
The nanoliposome samples of group 3 were dialyzed immediately after the bath sonication, suggesting a rapid cooling of the samples.
Change of fluorescent intensity of hydrophobic QDs (0.01 μM) dissolved in chloroform with increased bath sonication time.
Fig. 3 Effects of bath sonication time on diameter and polydispersity index of DOX- and ERL-encapsulated nanoliposomes (n = 3, the data are presented as mean ± SEM).
