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Expression values for each time point (adjusted for batch effects) were pulled for the model for the 139 probe sets matched to our leaf apoplast proteins of interest (see below).
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Batch effects were then adjusted by the COMBAT method [ 30].
Experimental batch effects were adjusted for by including experimental batch as a covariate in the statistical model [ 56].
Again, though, batch effects are complicated, and do not affect all samples equally.
(3) Can batch effects be controlled?
Batch effects are not the only source of unwanted variance.
They can also mistake population stratification of common CNVs for batch effects if true batch effects are minimal.
However for the design in Table 4, the batch effects are nested within sex and time effects and the result of disregarding batch effects can easily be evaluated.
For the mouse data, additional parameters for batch effect were added (see [7]).
However when a batch effect is confounded with an experimental factor, correcting for the batch will also effectively remove the biological signal.
No evidence of a batch effect is seen.
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