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Open image in new window Fig. 4 XRD patterns of zeolite membrane obtained on calcium silicate functionalized with different polyelectrolytes after hydrothermal treatment with batch composition of a WA zeolite and b WB zeolite.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Micrographs and EDS spectra of zeolite membrane obtained on calcium silicate functionalized with (a c) APS, (d f) PEI and (g i) PDDA after hydrothermal treatment with batch composition of WA zeolite.
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Effects of the total batch composition on the nature of zeolite products are usually presented in the form of crystallization diagrams, but previous modeling efforts have not been able to explain structure of such diagrams.
The formation of cancrinite (CAN) together with the W zeolite can be related to the effect of Si/Al ratio of batch composition, the nature of cationic polymer (PDDA) and the chemical nature of the substrate.
The amount of these phases depended on starting batch compositions, oxidation of Al-alloy, oxidation of SiC, and reaction of starting and oxidized materials together to form mullite.
Gels of batch composition corresponding to WA and WB zeolites seeds were prepared and they were transferred to Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave.
In case of WA batch composition (Fig. 4a), the membranes exhibit an amorphous phase corresponding to calcium silicate substrate and only a peak is observed in the PEI-functionalized substrate which is associated with W zeolite. Similar patterns have been obtained for PEI- and APS-functionalized substrate with the WB batch composition.
In Fig. 3, the micrographs of the functionalized substrates submitted to hydrothermal treatment with WB batch composition are shown.
Because of the rising temperature encountered in distilling a single batch, the composition of the first part of the condensate to leave the pot is different from that of the last part.
The reactor was operated in batch and the composition of its contents was determined periodically.
For batch cultures, the minimal medium (MM-batch) composition was identical to MM-flask, except for the concentration of KH2PO4 14.7 mM, and the absence of MOPS.
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