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In order to lower power consumption, scrap can be preheated in both batch and continuous processes, often utilizing the heat of furnace off-gases.
An overview of developments in the scheduling of multiproduct/multipurpose batch and continuous processes is presented.
This analysis can be relevant to both batch and continuous processes; indeed, the use of small batch experiments can be a means to derive empirical control functions and scale-up relations for larger batch and continuous processes.
Reconfigurable batch processes have higher agility and flexibility than multi-purpose, multi-product, dedicated batch and continuous processes.
The specific energy input per kilogram of acetic acid produced during batch and continuous processes (HRT: 3.3d) was 29 ± 0.7 and 16 ± 1.3 kWhel kg−1, respectively.
In both traditional batch and continuous processes, particle size and shape need to be effectively monitored through in-line measurements from Process Analytical Technologies.
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Startup, shutdown and other transitions are integral to batch and continuous process operations.
Till to date in a conventional syngas fermentation process gas was released into the fermentation broth through a single orifice or multiple orifices (Mohammadi et al. 2012; Cotter et al. 2009; Younesi et al. 2006) in both the batch and continuous process, except for a few examples, especially, the hollow fiber membrane reactor (Shen et al. 2014; Richter et al. 2013).
Based on the expression of these genes during the batch, fed-batch and continuous processes, 30% dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration even at relatively high cell density (DW ~ 20 g l-1) is apparently sufficient to maintain aerobic culture conditions, although at lower density (4 g l-1) and higher DO (80%) the expression of these genes was more than 2-fold lower.
Both semi-batch and continuous process configurations were considered and the process conditions were optimised taking the cost of the process into account.
Traditionally the manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms has been a batch-wise process and continuous processes have limited applications in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant.
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