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However, according to Pieper et al. [ 37], this approach should not be directly transferred to overviews, as some criteria are only suitable for the evaluation of evidence on the basis of primary studies.
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Systematic reviews were not excluded on the basis of the types of primary studies included.
Standardized clinical grading of macular photographs and comparison of serial macular digital photographs, using the International grading scheme, form the basis for assessment of primary study outcomes.
Clinical studies on the basis of primary data collection have been performed to evaluate the outcome after ACL reconstruction.
Recently diverged populations are appropriate to study the genetic basis of primary evolutionary changes [ 1].
We then identified 37 studies [ 5, 12- 43] in the Oncomine database that were analyzed on the basis of primary tumor versus metastasis.
In some instances it was unclear whether a target variable was defined on the basis of information present or absent in primary studies.
A third step (iii) was to code on the basis of the primary intention or primary aim of the study.
In each assay, controls for specificity of the HMGB1 staining were included on the basis of parallel staining studies omitting the primary antibody, and a primary isotype-matched immunoglobulin of irrelevant antigen specificity (negative mouse IgG2b control; Dako Cytomatation, Glostrup, Denmark) was used.
Palmar pallor is recommended at primary level for diagnosing it, on the basis of few studies.
As neither a hierarchical test procedure nor an adjustment of the significance level for multiple statistical testing ensued on the basis of the primary publication [85], this study can only be judged in exploratory terms as a pilot study and cannot be evaluated as a confirmatory study in the sense of a proof of efficacy.
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