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The same microbiologic procedures were used by all of the participating centers on the basis of previously validated guidelines (15, 16).
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It avoids the unnecessary checking of previously validated parts that have not been affected by recent modifications.
We also obtained French versions of previously validated tools.
A bowel disease questionnaire formulated on the basis of a previously validated instrument (the Bowel Disease Questionnaire) was used, modified, and shortened to accommodate local Kenyan needs (9 ).
POP-Q was developed on the basis of a previously validated Brief Pain Inventory and included: Five items to report on the 1st postoperative day (POP-Qs); Nine items to report on the day of discharge (POP-Qd).
The geographic and cultural diversity of our sample is a major strength of our study, along with the very large sample size and the dementia algorithm, on the basis of measurements previously validated in over 20 countries [16].
When PaO2 data were unavailable even within 12 h of a given time point (3.2% of cases), we calculated SOFA-R using peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) which is recorded hourly based on the following table, which we developed on the basis of a previously validated SpO2 FiO2 estimation for P F ratio [ 28].
As no pre-designed questionnaires for this specific purpose were available, ad hoc questions were constructed on the basis of previously used validated items [ 9, 16, 18].
The semi-empirical basis of the model was previously validated in different large-scale fluidized bed combustors and is combined with a model for fuel particle conversion to obtain the fuel concentration field.
On the basis of checkpoint results and previously validated data, we further categorized the SHV G238S mutation as SHV-2-like and the double SHV G238A + SHV E240K mutation as SHV-18 (5 ).
These prespecified BCI cutoffs were chosen on the basis of previously established and validated cutoffs for LN−, HR+ patients with breast cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy [ 5, 13].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com