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Identifying the molecular basis of phenotypes that have evolved independently can provide insight into the ways genetic and developmental constraints influence the maintenance of phenotypic diversity.
Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypes that have arisen independently underpins studies of convergence by natural selection.
Understanding the pleiotropic effects –which can be grouped primarily on the basis of phenotypes that selectively involve striated muscle, adipose tissue, peripheral nerve or multiple systems with features of accelerated aging (progerias) (Box 1) – of mutations in this single gene is one of the most exciting clinical puzzles facing basic scientists and clinicians today.
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Often the difficulty in this approach is elucidating the genetic basis of the phenotypes that emerge as a result of evolutionary mechanisms.
Here we look at the underlying basis of root phenotypes that can potentially enhance a crop's ability to acquire P under low availability in the soil.
The primary screen yielded 43 positive lines on the basis of the phenotype that no or very few homozygous clones (GFP−) were recovered in the ovarioles 14 days after heat shock induction, indicating a defect in GSC maintenance or division.
Landmark studies in yeast and C. elegans have identified a genetic basis for the modulation of aging phenotypes that extends to higher organisms [2], [9].
5) The biological meanings of many of the cellular phenotypes that are used as the basis for determining directionality of epigenetic interactions are unclear.
To better understand the basis of the NMJ phenotype that is present in MTM mice, we performed a histopathological analysis of junctions in WT and Mtm1 KO animals.
The genetic basis of phenotypes is usually investigated with genetic mapping approaches known as QTL mapping or GWAS.
However, there is wide clinical variability of disorders, with milder phenotypes that may be difficult to ascertain on the basis of physical features.
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