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Revolver-like EST clones from T. aestivum were classified into at least 12 types on the basis of mutations in the exon 1 region, and these EST clones exhibited large genetic variation.
Previous investigations of the molecular epidemiology of kidney cancer have focused attention on cases classified on the basis of mutations in the VHL gene which has been recognized for many years as a source of common early mutations in the development of this disease [ 21, 22].
An obligatory presence in each tumor of an "underground", the assumption that follows from general reasoning, is supported by discovery of "field cancerization", i.e. large and surrounding the tumor "patches" of partially transformed cells, recognized on the basis of mutations in TP53 but remaining undetectable by routine diagnostic techniques (Braakhuis et al. 2003).
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On the basis of mutations made in vertebrate receptors that blocked canonical signaling, we substituted two alanines into ICL2 or ICL3 or replaced the KTxxxW motif with AAxxxA (Umbhauer et al. 2000; Cong et al. 2004).
They also provide insights into the molecular basis of a number of mutations in human eIF2B that cause leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter.
Third, until recently, it was technically very difficult to locate the molecular basis of new mutations in genomes, and many empirical studies inferred the occurrence of new mutations through their phenotypic effects instead of exhibiting the actual molecular variants underlying observed fitness-associated changes.
Thirty-five genes belonging to the protein kinase gene family were chosen on the basis of their high frequency of mutations in human cancers other than pancreatic as assessed in previous works [14] [22].
Gleevec resistance can be detected very early in one to three months after initiation of therapy (21) and molecular typing of Gleevec resistant patients on the basis of nature and location of mutations in ATP-binding domain can help in adjustment of therapy accordingly (18, 21, 35, 39).
High-resolution crystal structures of three of the mutants, each with 5° increments in melting temperature, reveal the structural basis of these mutations in attaining higher thermostability.
A recent survey of the structural basis of in-frame mutations in protein-protein interactions has suggested that changes in specific interactions play a critical role in pathogenesis [ 44].
In a minority of patients, tumours develop on the basis of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com