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But, before the advent of modern science, medical progress often proceeded on the basis of inference rather than evidence.
"Vladimir Putin stands accused of this murder not on the basis of inference, vicarious liabilities or vagrancy but on solid and direct evidence – the best evidence that is ever likely to be available in relation to a secret and corrupt criminal enterprise in the Kremlin," he said.
He notes that there seem to be three ways we might know our mental states: (a) on the basis of inner observation, (b) on the basis of inference, or (c) on the basis of nothing.
There were substantial differences in the cold spell definitions, reference periods, the basis of inference, and statistical methods.
There were distinctive differences in the selection of reference periods which is reflected in the basis of inference.
Nevertheless, the figures produced by the automatic graph drawing software are always simplifications of the true situation and should not be used as a basis of inference without their original context.
Similar(53)
Strictly speaking, the conclusion thereby licensed about inequalities in overall well-being either on the basis of inferences from social group differences in health or from incompensable differences in health betwell-being eitheris that the inequalities are prontheto unjust (Hausman 2007, 52–3), rather than simply unjust, i.e. unjust all things considered.
Because microarray probes are designed on the basis of inferences from prior genomic sequence data, and light intensity is used as surrogate of gene expression, microarrays will miss exon junctions for novel expressed regions and RNA editing events, and cannot easily detect allele-specific differences in gene expression.
Importantly, we have also previously reported that peripheral inflammation induced with this model in this subject population does not cause a general change in the coupling between neural activity and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, the basis of inferences made in fMRI studies (26).
The basis of statistical inference is the formulation of a probability model to describe the data; an understanding of statistical inference requires some knowledge of the theory of probability.
Steep prices for beautiful works to which names are attached on the basis of stylistic inference, not to say speculation, are typical of a market where great works signed or documented since Day One are vanishing fast.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com