Splitting hairs over their latest Sharpe ratios or short-term momentum or basis points of expense ratios is pointless for this particular exercise.
The emphasis is not on advocating one approach over another on the basis of computational expense, but rather on understanding the relationships among the algorithms so that any approximations made are explicit.
In Teachers v. Hudson, 475 U. S. 292 (1986), this Court unanimously held that "the Union cannot be faulted for calculating its fee on the basis of its expenses during the preceding year". Id., at 307, n. 18.
In any event, these features are characteristic of an administrative system that "calculat[es]" shares of a union's fee "on the basis of its expenses during the preceding year". Id., at 307, n. 18. Hudson stated specifically that the "[u]nion cannot be faulted for calculating its fee" on that basis.
In the interest of administrative convenience, however, we concluded thata union "cannot be faulted" for calculating the fee that nonmembers must pay "on the basis of its expenses during the preceding year". Id., at 307, n. 18. Hudson concerned a union's regular annual fees.
Since 2009, health centres are no longer reimbursed at a fixed rate, but on the basis of actual expenses.
The evidence base relating to patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Africa is small, and antimicrobial agents are often chosen on the basis of availability and expense.
Most of those were run independently by doctors, as adjuncts to their private practices, on a for-profit basis at the expense of their students.
Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets containing 0, 10, and 20% steam-rolled wheat on a dry matter basis at the expense of steam-rolled barley.
Similarly, the accrual basis of accounting requires that expenses be recorded when they are incurred, not when the cash is disbursed.
The noteholders required no further protection, and when the Revlon board entered into an auction-ending lock-up agreement with Forstmann on the basis of impermissible considerations at the expense of the shareholders, the directors breached their primary duty of loyalty.
