The results for the flexibility task show differences on the basis of effect sizes.
Despite the difficulties in obtaining unbiased estimates of effect size, it appears that, in contrast to traits such as stature (where effect sizes of 0.1% of the variance are the norm) (31), at least some of the genetic basis of the optic disc measures studied lies in the range of moderately large effect sizes.
Absolute allele counts [ 28] and relative weighting of alleles on the basis of their effect size [ 11, 27] have both been reported.
However, when assessing the responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D (in relation to a self-reported assessment of disease severity) they found that, on the basis of the effect size [ 24], the EQ-5D was more responsive in patients who (post-intervention) were classified as 'worse' but that the SF-6D was more responsive in those patients classified as 'better' [ 38].
When comparing the correlations on basis of established effect size intervals most correlations between the external criterion and the SIMP-G were either equal or even larger (i.e., 55 out of 95 cases) than the correlation between the external criterion and the multi-item measure.
Calculation of effect sizes.
Each ventilation mode in the Markov chain Monte Carlo cycle was classified on the basis of an estimated effect size.
32 On the basis of a large effect size (0.8) between any two groups and clustering (allowing for an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.05 with 12 subjects per school) at the school level, the sample size calculation for a power of 80% and significance level of 0.05 indicates that approximately 150 parents need to participate.
On the basis of the previously reported effect size of genetic loci for DR (~1.40) [ 10], our samples had > 90% power to detect an effect SNP with MAF of 0.3 and > 80% power to detect an effect SNP with MAF of 0.2 at a level of significance of 0.05.
For the telehealth questionnaire study, a power calculation was conducted on the basis of detecting a small effect size (Cohen's d=0.3), allowing for an intracluster correlation coefficient of 0.05, power of 80%, and P<0.05.
