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Participants were selected on the basis of area level deprivation category as classified by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, rather than the effects of socioeconomic status being examined post hoc.
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By using multi-level models in analysis, we avoided the problem of ecological fallacy (where erroneous conclusions are made about individuals on the basis of area-level data) as we were able to model random effects simultaneously at both individual and area levels.
Emissions are estimated on the basis of source area and the level of airport activity.
The information from 2005-6 and 2006-7 available on each individual can be categorised into individual level data and into area level data (data attributed to individuals on the basis of where they lived).
Anandamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and 2 AG levels in unknown samples were therefore calculated on the basis of their area ratios with the internal deuterated standard signal areas.
In brief, study participants were randomly selected on the basis of school-level groups, with at least 20 schools within each area.
On the basis of shallow-groundwater level monitoring data the impact was traced back to the effect of the Danube's changed flow course, and quantized for the whole study area.
The mortality of PCa on the basis of geographic area differs.
Appraisals were not excluded on the basis of disease area, indication, or type of intervention.
If A-levels matter to universities, they should select on the basis of A-level results.
SYMVCD targeted areas for treatment on the basis of levels of mosquito infection prevalence that had been previously associated with epidemic transmission within an urban setting (minimum infection rate per 1,000 female Culex spp. tested >5.0) (12 ).
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