Four multiparous, ruminally cannulated, multicatheterized Holstein × Friesian cows averaging 18 wk postpartum were fed dehydrated alfalfa, grass silage, and low protein (11.9% CP, DM basis) concentrates at 30, 20, and 50%, respectively, of dry matter (DM) offered.
Treatments consisted of diets containing 70% (DM basis) concentrate containing 40% (DM basis) wet corn gluten feed with 30% (DM basis) roughage from wheat straw (STRW), anhydrous ammonia treated wheat straw (AMMN), or a 50 50 prairie hay and alfalfa hay blend (CONT).
Total diets contained (DM basis) 32.8% concentrates and 67.2% perennial ryegrass, which was harvested daily.
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Background: Courtship is the best-studied behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, and work on its anatomical basis has concentrated mainly on the functional identification of sexually dimorphic sites in the brain.
Initially, 16 goats with an initial weight of 22.81 ± 0.97 kg were fed with either a diet consisting of 50% oil palm frond (OPF) on a dry weight basis with 50% concentrate or a control diet containing 100% concentrate.
The diet consisted of concentrate containing rolled barley and supplement, barley silage and alfalfa haylage (55% to 45% DM basis, forage to concentrate ratio) and differed in enzyme application: 1) control, 2) enzyme applied to concentrate (45% of TMR), 3) enzyme applied to supplement (4% of TMR), and 4) enzyme applied to premix (0.2% of TMR).
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The experimental diets used in this study were: high forage diet (700 300 g/kg (DM basis) forage to concentrate; HFC), high forage with oil supplement (HFO), high forage diet (300 700 g/kg (DM basis) forage to concentrate; LFC), and high forage with oil supplement (HFO).
During each period, SARA was induced in 2 animals for 5 subsequent days by replacing 25% of their total mixed ration (dry matter basis) with a concentrate made of 50% wheat and 50% barley.
A higher concentrate diet with a forage:concentrate ratio (dry matter basis) of 38 62 or a lower-concentrate diet with a forage:concentrate ratio of 51 49 was delivered at either 0900 or 2100 h.
