Third we evaluated the relationship between metrics of oculomotor function and performance on tests of basic visual function and higher-order object and space perception.
These observations suggest that pk1a knockdown does not compromise basic visual function and indicate that the IPL defect might impact higher order processing.
Our results show that despite their initial visual advantage over age-matched peers, training resulted in robust improvements in various basic visual functions, including static and temporal VA, stereoacuity, spatial crowding, contrast sensitivity and contrast discrimination.
In summary, we found that in a young adult with a number of significantly underdeveloped visual functions relative to adult typical vision, visual training based on a perceptual learning procedure was effective in significantly improving trained and untrained basic visual functions.
Importantly, the training significantly improved many of LG's basic visual functions (including visual acuity, contour integration, and crowding effects), approaching close to age-level performance, and this improvement was found to be stable and sustained even 4 years post-training.
By contrast, more basic visual functions (e.g. edge detection, form and motion coherence) which may underpin many such downstream deficits and which are mediated largely by upstream occipital mechanisms, have been largely overlooked (cf. Lehmann et al., 2011 a ).
Before training, LG's basic visual functions such as visual acuity, crowding effects, and contour integration abilities were underdeveloped relative to normal adult vision, and similar to those of 5 6 year olds or younger children, resembling amblyopic vision (Gilaie-Dotan et al., 2009).
However, how influential can such a recovery of basic visual functions be to mid-level functions as contour integration and higher visual perceptual functions such as face and object recognition?
These data together suggest that some basic visual functions, including pattern perception, are built in but that visual experience serves to maintain and elaborate them.
