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Basic studies have demonstrated that estrogen treatment prevents apoptosis and necrosis of cardiac and endothelial cells.
A number of basic studies have demonstrated the advantages of this procedure from both biomechanical and biological viewpoints.
On the other hand, some basic studies have demonstrated that increased expression of RRM1 decreases the formation of metastasis and inhibits the development of carcinogen-induced lung tumours (Fan et al, 1997; Gautam et al, 2003; Gautam and Bepler 2006).
These basic studies have demonstrated that TK can reduce elevated blood pressure and inhibit remodeling in the heart and arteries [ 12, 13]; attenuate ischemic stroke in an animal model [ 14]; reduce the rate of smooth muscle cell proliferation [ 15], atherosclerosis, and apoptosis [ 16]; protect against ischemia/reperfusion damage [ 17]; and enhance angiogenesis [ 18].
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Since recent basic laboratory studies have demonstrated that the clinical signs/symptoms of sepsis are frequently mimicked by non-pathogenic molecules [76, 77], we sought to establish whether microbial evidence for sepsis was presented.
Epidemiological, clinical and basic research studies have demonstrated that a high fat diet induces insulin resistance.
Several basic research studies have demonstrated beneficial cardiac effects of the COX-2 enzyme and potential harmful effects of COX-2 inhibitors.
Numerous basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that overexpression of TNF-α and IL-1ß can induce ALI [ 14].
Numerous basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that overexpression of TNF-α and IL-1ß can induce lung injury and that cytokine production is associated with activation of the p38 MAPK pathway [ 35– 35].
Many basic research and clinical studies have demonstrated that entubulation promotes peripheral nerve reconstruction in neurotmetic injuries with a gap, permitting reconstruction of the defect without tension at the suture and creating a favorable microenvironment at the injury site.
Although the specific molecular mechanism by which sclerostin inhibits bone formation is an area of continuing investigation, basic science and translational studies have demonstrated that sclerostin can bind to BMPs and Wnt co-receptors (LRP 5 and 6) and inhibit BMP-mediated bone formation as well as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway [ 75].
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