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The variant [44AANA47]-CCL5, in which the three basic residues in this motif are mutated to alanine, loses 80% of its capacity to bind to the GAG heparin in vitro as compared with wild-type CCL5 [3], [3].
The distribution of basic residues in this region is evolutionarily conserved among Lpd homologs, but is not conserved in other Ena/VASP-binding proteins, such as Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), zyxin, or ActA.
These results suggest that loss of the XYl or replacement of the cluster of basic residues in this region does not significantly alter the Ca2+ sensitivity of PIP2 hydrolysis for both PLCζ and PLCδ1.
These specific contacts, along with other electrostatic interactions involving the conserved basic residues in this region, provide the primary stabilization of SRP54 and serve to orient its signal-binding M domain at the ribosomal exit tunnel.
GADD45 β interacts with MKK7 in proximity of its ATP-binding site and this may justify the presence of acidic residues able to establish electrostatic interactions with the basic residues in this site.
Charge reversal mutations of the two basic residues in this conserved turn had earlier been found to abrogate binding of the yeast RACK1 ortholog (Asc1p) to the ribosome (vide supra).
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(C ) An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using increasing amounts of N-terminally GST-tagged C-terMeCP2 human MeCP2 recombinant protein (amino acids 274 340, from left to right: WT, R306C, R306H, K304E) shows that the WT C-terminal fragment of MeCP2 can bind DNA and that RTT-causing mutations altering the charge of basic residues in the fragment abolish this binding.
PI 4,5 P2 binding is dependent on a cluster of basic residues in the C terminus of Pirt, and this binding enhances TRPV1 channel activity (Kim et al, 2008a).
To verify this hypothesis, the 12 basic residues in the PWI domain were mutated to alanine.
We expanded this pattern to include all basic residues in the first and final two amino acids, and allowed variation in the distance between the basic components, resulting in motif Dd, with the regular expression given in Table 1.
This demonstrates the importance of both hydrophobic and basic residues in the antifungal activity of a defensin.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com